Eocene microthermal highland plant communities from the Okanagan Highlands (British Columbia/Washington)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Eocene Okanagan Highlands was an upland region of southern British Columbia and northern Washington State spanning ~1000 km north-south and a range of elevation. Early to Middle Eocene fossiliferous sediments in the Okanagan Highlands contain extensive and well preserved pollen, and plant and insect megafossils. These fossil biotas provide evidence of thermophilic-temperate associations, with occurrences of 'subtropical' or mesothermal biota (including diverse Taxodiaceae, and dicots such as Eucommia and Gordonia), mixed with microthermal or 'temperate' biota (e.g. Abies, other Pinaceae; Alnus, other Betulaceae). Initial palynological analyses had stressed the importance of Pinaceae in these Eocene forests, contrasted with the rare presence of palm pollen, leading to interpretation of a conifer-dominated landscape similar in some respects to the present day British Columbian and Washington landscape. In contrast to Early Eocene floras in the Puget Group of Washington State, and in the US western interior, which reflect mesothermal to perhaps megathermal forests, the Okanagan Highlands fossil biotas appear to reflect upper microthermal (MAT <13°C) equable environments supporting mixed conifer and deciduous broadleaved forest. New palynological analyses are presented based on recent sampling from several late Early Eocene to early Middle Eocence sites from the region, including Republic in Washington State, and the southern British Columbia sites of Princeton (One-Mile Creek), Hat Creek, McAbee, Falkland, Horsefly and Driftwood Canyon. The pollen analyses provide a regional record of early Eocene environments across a highlands landscape spanning over 700 km2 that is compared with existing plant and insect megafossil collections from these sites.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".