The effect of environmental pH changes on haemolymph pH in the dragonfly Leucorrhinia hudsonica
Bibliographic record
Abstract
While studies have indicated that aquatic insects have the ability to maintain their haemolymph pH at a relatively constant level, there has been little research carried out to look at the particular pattern of this compensation. The objectives of this study were to observe the change in the haemolymph pH of dragonfly larvae (Leucorrhinia hudsonica) as a result of a change in the pH of their aquatic environment over time. This was accompanied by a look at the effect of other physiological and environmental factors on this change. Bog pools in Western Newfoundland were sampled for larval individuals, who were subsequently exposed to three aquatic settings: water from their initial environment; water of a similar pH from a different environment; and water of a higher or lower pH. The head capsule width and haemolymph pH of these individuals were measured after 1 h and 24 h of exposure, for both high and low pH transfers. A significant difference was shown in the larvae exposed to water of a higher pH in comparison with lower pH (p < 0.001). A greater change in haemolymph pH was also observed in larvae with a head capsule width less than 0.3 cm, and these larvae which had been exposed to a higher pH were observed to exhibit a drop in haemolymph pH during the first 75 min of exposure. Pearson's correlation tests and a linear model fitted to haemolymph pH, bog pool pH, and element concentration (Al, Mn, and Zn) showed no trend between haemolymph pH and element concentrations, specifically Al, Mn, and Zn (p > 0.800 for all three elements). This study was able to demonstrate that odonate larvae experience a greater change in haemolymph pH when exposed to a higher environmental pH, and provides some insight into the initial effect of exposure on these individuals and their consequent compensation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".