Genetic variation and phytogeography of Nova Scotia's isolated populations of Canada Frostweed (Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx.) as revealed with AFLP markers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Helianthemum canadense (L.) Michx., Canada Frostweed, is a perennial herb found on sand barrens in Nova Scotia. It is provincially ranked as "critically imperiled" and nationally as "sensitive". It has a special breeding biology, as plants produce self- and cross-pollinated offspring from two flower types on the same plant in a single season. Randomly selected individuals from populations in Nova Scotia, Maine, New Hampshire, and Quebec were examined to provide insight into the genetic diversity and genetic structure of Nova Scotia H. canadense populations. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were used as a basis for generating genetic diversity data. Data were analyzed with Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) and Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA). Neighbour-joining trees were also generated to illustrate relationships among individuals and populations. Quebec populations were found to be more divergent from Nova Scotia populations than New England populations. Variability within Nova Scotia populations was relatively low. Kings County sand barrens populations were found to be genetically distinct from the population found on edges of mixed forest in Queens County, Nova Scotia. As expected, New England populations showed the most evidence of gene flow. Results indicate that Nova Scotia populations of H. canadense are genetically unique from the nearest neighbouring populations in Canada and the United States. Therefore, the two regions in Nova Scotia may have been isolated from other populations in North America for a significant amount of time, and could possibly have arisen from two separate post-glacial colonization events in the province. This research will be made available for conservation planning in Nova Scotia, and for reassessment of the national status of H. canadense in Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".