Frequency-Agile Wide-Angle Beam Scanning with Reconfigurable Leaky Wave Antenna
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper, a frequency-agile, electronically reconfigurable leaky wave antenna (LWA) is presented, capable of achieving wide-angle beam scanning across multiple frequencies. The antenna utilizes varactor diodes to dynamically tune the capacitance values in a homogenized model of the slots along the LWA, enabling electronic reconfiguration for continuous beam steering over an angular range of$-60^{\circ} \leq \alpha \leq 60^{\circ}$. A novel multi-frequency optimization approach is employed to identify capacitance sets that ensure both input matching and desired far-field radiation patterns within a 1.9% instantaneous bandwidth around the center frequency. The design achieves an operational bandwidth of 23% across four center frequencies: 9.5 GHz, 10.5 GHz, 11.5 GHz, and 12 GHz, while maintaining reflection coefficients below −8 dB over a 200 MHz instantaneous bandwidth. These results demonstrate the frequency-agile performance and wide-angle scanning capabilities of the proposed LWA, making it well-suited for 5G/6G communication and sensing applications requiring adaptive, multi-band operation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".