Incarcerated Youths in Canada and the United States: A Comparative Analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Are children who commit adult crimes deserving of adult punishments? According to the United Nations, not if it harms their well-being. The U.N.’s primary treaty on children’s rights states that the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), all state actions, and government institutions involving children must prioritize children’s well-being, safety, health, and protection. Only one U.N. member state, out of 196, has not ratified the CRC: the United States. This is reflected in the U.S.’s juvenile justice system, which has been criticized since the 1980s for harsh sentencing and the incarceration of children in adult facilities. In contrast, Canada’s juvenile justice system emphasizes rehabilitation, restorative justice, and limits severe punishments for offenders. This project will compare juvenile sentencing laws in both countries under the framework of CRC compliance, analyzing the histories of these systems and how their policy differences impact juvenile offenders’ well-being.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.021 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".