Borrelia Burgdorferi as a Cause of Fatal Necrotizing and Lymphoplasmacytic Myocarditis in a 6-Year-Old Female Labrador Retriever Dog
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A 6-year-old female (spayed) Labrador Retriever was submitted for necropsy after a fatal cardiopulmonary event. Most significant post-mortem findings were confined to the thoracic cavity. The lungs were enlarged, moist, diffusely red, and pliable, with subtle rib impressions more prominent on the caudal lobes. Sanguineous frothy fluid was present within the trachea and bronchi. The right ventricle was enlarged and presented multifocal, slightly shallow areas of reddish-brown discoloration, up to 1.5 cm in the largest dimension, on its epicardial surface. These foci, surrounded by poorly defined areas of pallor, were also found within the endocardium and extended deep into the underlying myocardium. Microscopically a severe necrotizing lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis with interstitial fibrosis was seen. Borrelia burgdorferi antigens were detected by immunohistochemistry (Rabbit anti Borrelia burgdorferi antibody) within the areas of myocardial inflammation. Lyme disease is endemic in the northeastern United States, and although seroprevalence in dogs from endemic areas is high, the disease is often subclinical. Clinical disease, when present, is manifested primarily by arthritis and nephritis. Lyme disease induced myocarditis in dogs, reported primarily in Europe, seems to be a rare occurrence. Lymphoplasmacytic myocarditis in this species is often interpreted as non-specific and likely the result of virus infections, mainly by canine parvovirus-2, canine distemper virus, or more rarely, West Nile virus. The finding of Borrelia burgdorferi antigens in the heart lesions of this dog suggests that Lyme disease associated myocarditis may be underdiagnosed and should be considered as a possible cause of heart disease in dogs from endemic areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".