Education level of the Luxembourg population : sustained, contrasting growth depending on origin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Indicateur essentiel de développement humain et de progrès socioéconomique, le niveau d’éducation de la population résidente a connu une croissance rapide sur la période intercensitaire 2011-2021 : près de la moitié (48.3%) des adultes de moins de 40 ans a effectué des études supérieures (dont 28% a le niveau Master ou plus). Ces transformations dissimulent des différences entre les natifs du Luxembourg et de l’étranger, de fortes inégalités caractérisant les immigrés selon leurs origines nationales, entre « l'immigration dorée » et l’immigration de travail peu qualifié, mais aussi de fortes disparités générationnelles. Ces inégalités de diplôme sont inscrites dans le territoire du Luxembourg, puisqu’elles accompagnent les effets de centralité opposant les territoires économiquement les plus actifs, proches de la capitale, et les communes plus éloignées, en particulier dans la moitié nord du pays, mais aussi dans le sud post-industriel.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".