Longitudinal correspondence of epilepsy and scalp EEG fast (40–200 Hz) oscillations in pediatric patients with tuberous sclerosis complex
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) has very complex clinical characteristics.Scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) fast (40 -200 Hz) oscillations (FOs) were recently suggested to indicate epilepsy severity.Epileptic FOs may undergo age-dependent longitudinal change in individual patients, however, and the typical pattern of such change is not yet fully clarified.We therefore investigated the age-related correspondence between clinical courses and FOs in pediatric patients with TSC-associated epilepsy.Subjects and Methods: FOs were semi-automatically detected from scalp sleep EEG data recorded from 23 children (15 boys, 8 girls; initial data obtained at < 10 years of age) with TSC-associated epilepsy.Results: The number of FOs per patient that were associated with spikes was significantly greater than that of FOs unassociated with spikes (median 145 and 5, respectively; p=0.0001 by the Wilcoxon signed-rank test).In the eight patients who had West syndrome (WS) in infancy, FOs associated with spikes were abundant during the WS period prior to adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy, with significantly greater numbers of FOs compared to the post-WS period (median 242 and 0, respectively; p=0.0078).As there was no such time-dependent difference regarding FOs unassociated with spikes, FOs associated with spikes were identified as epileptic.The detected FOs included both Tsuchiya et al. 4gamma and ripple oscillations with no consistent age-dependent shifts in dominant frequency.There were no apparent age-related changes in FO duration.Conclusions: Epileptic scalp FOs are confirmed to correspond to severity of epileptic encephalopathy, particularly in WS, even during the long-term evolutional courses of TSC-associated epilepsy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".