Clinical Significance of Intratumoral Contrast Pooling on Contrast-Enhanced CT After Atezolizumab Plus Bevacizumab for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent advances in systemic therapies have improved clinical outcomes for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC), as shown in randomized phase 3 clinical trials. Given the availability of alternative systemic regimens, an early imaging biomarker of treatment efficacy is crucial to avoid delays in deciding whether to continue the current regimen or switch to another therapy. We report two cases of uHCC that demonstrated patchy pooling of contrast material within the tumor on early follow-up contrast-enhanced computed tomography after the initiation of atezolizumab combined with bevacizumab (AB therapy), an imaging feature consistent with the vascular lake-like phenomenon. In both cases, this imaging feature appeared at the first response assessment after several cycles, and each patient achieved a partial response as the best overall response per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1. Subsequently, each patient underwent or was considered for conversion therapy. The vascular lake-like phenomenon may represent an early imaging biomarker of treatment efficacy following AB therapy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".