Anomocephala Tuthill 1942

Genus Anomocephala Tuthill, 1942 Type species: Anomocephala unica Tuthill, 1942, by original designation and monotypy. Adult colour and structure. General body colour appears brown or reddish (in ethanol material, no fresh material examined). Forewing clear or with an irregular band of brown pigmentation (sometimes only faint) in the hind margin half of the wing (pigmented band apparently only present in females, but females of only one species known) (Fig. 3C), veins pale or light brown. Head moderately deflexed downwards (20–30° from longitudinal axis of body) (Figs 3Q, 3R); vertex almost rectangular and hardly narrowing anteriorly, medial epicranial suture distinct (Fig. 3G); genal processes long and slender, as long or longer than vertex length, contiguous for almost entire length (Figs 3G, 3I, 3K). Clypeus rounded ventrally, distinctly visible in lateral view (Fig. 3J), distal proboscis segment short (Fig. 3H), distinctly exceeding procoxae (Fig. 3Q). Antenna 10-segmented, longer than head width, segment 3 longest, a single subapical rhinarium on each of segments 4, 6, 8, and 9, terminal segment with two, unequal length setae (Fig. 3F). Thorax moderately arched (Figs 3Q, 3R), width subequal to head width (Fig. 3I). Legs moderately long (Figs 3L, 3O); metacoxa with moderate to large, straight, thorn-shaped meracanthus; length of metafemur shorter than metatibia; base of metatibia with distinct genual spine or cluster of spines, apex more or less expanded, bearing 3 (1+2) sclerotized apical spurs (single spur more or less stalked, pair of spurs basally conjoined or not) and a row of unsclerotized bristles; basal metatarsus without apical spurs, longer than apical metatarsus (Figs 3L, 3M, 3N, 3O, 3P). Forewing widest in the middle third, with typical triozid trifurcation of veins R, M and Cu 1, vein R shorter than vein Cu 1, vein Rs moderately long, reaching forewing margin distal to M fork, membrane with surface spinules dense or sparse, distributed in all cells but few in cell c+sc, a single cluster of marginal radular spines present in cells cu 1, m 2, and m 1, centrally positioned in cu 1 and m 2 and offset towards apex in m 1; apex acute to bluntly acute (Figs 3A, 3C, 3D). Hindwing moderately long, length more than half forewing length (Figs 3B, 3E). Male terminalia with subgenital plate well rounded or more angled; proctiger short, length shorter than paramere, with or without pronounced posterior lobes basally (Figs 4A, 4D); paramere shape variable, simple, digitate, either long and slender or shorter and broad, simple setae on exterior and interior surfaces; distal aedeagus segment apex with a moderate to large bulbous apical head. Female terminalia (only known for A. rosiegeorgeorum) short; proctiger length less than head width (Figs 3R, 4G, 4I); proctiger in dorsal view with bluntly rounded apex (Fig. 4G); anal ring relatively large, more than 0.3 times length of proctiger, broader proximally than distally, and composed of a double row of cells (Fig. 4H); subgenital plate shorter than proctiger with a blunt apex; ovipositor with dorsal valvulae high and short, ventral valvulaewith several serrations towards the apex (Fig. 4J). Immature. Unknown. Host plant and biology. Unconfirmed without immatures, but most adults were collected from Metrosideros collina (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) A.Gray. No biological information is available, and it is not known whether the species are free-living or gall forming. Note. Both genus and type species descriptions were based on a single male specimen, and only the head and forewing were illustrated (Tuthill 1942). Systematics. The genus was placed within Triozidae Group D in Percy et al. (2018) which includes several Pacific island and Australasian genera, including genera on Casuarinaceae hosts, Aacanthocnema Tuthill & Taylor, 1955, Casuarinicola Taylor, 2010, and also includes genera such as Cerotrioza Crawford, 1918 and Heterotrioza Dobreanu & Manolache, 1960, but no close relationships to other genera in Group D were strongly supported. Distribution. Only known from the southern Austral island of Rapa (also known as Rapa Iti). Key to adults of Anomocephala [for A. unica, based on a single male specimen and original description] 1 Smaller species, less than 4 mm (WL <3 mm); forewing apex bluntly acute (Figs 3A, 3C); forewing membrane surface spinules densely distributed; hindwing longer than 0.7 times length of forewing (Figs 3A, 3B); genae longer than vertex (ratio VL:GC <1 [0.7–0.9]); proctiger shorter than subgenital plate height, with extended posterior lobes basally (Fig. 4A); paramere long and slender (ratio MP:PL <0.75) (Figs 4A, 4B); distal aedeagus segment shorter (ratio PL:AEL> 1.3), with apical head smaller (Fig. 4C)..................................................................... A. rosiegeorgeorum sp. nov. - Larger species, more than 4 mm (WL> 3 mm); forewing apex acute (Fig. 3D); forewing membrane surface spinules sparsely distributed; hindwing shorter than 0.7 times length of forewing (Figs 3D, 3E); genae subequal to vertex length (ratio VL:GC ~1.00); proctiger longer than subgenital plate height, without extended posterior lobes basally (Fig. 4D); paramere shorter and broader (ratio MP:PL> 0.75) (Figs 4D, 4E); distal aedeagus segment longer (ratio PL:AEL <1.3), with apical head larger (Fig. 4F)............................................................................... A. unica Tuthill, 1942 Note on species descriptions. The species descriptions below provide details of species specific characteristics not supplied in the generic description above.

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