Oral health promotion for refugees and asylum seekers in Hong Kong
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aims: The aims of this community health project were to improve the oral health of refugees and asylum seekers, to increase their awareness of having good oral health, and to investigate their oral health conditions and behaviours. Methods: The participants were recruited through two non-government organisations (NGOs). Provision of outreach dental service to the project participants took place in three days at The Vine Church located in Wanchai. Each participant provided an informed consent and filled in a questionnaire. Then they were clinically examined and subsequently received necessary simple dental treatments. Oral health education and information on the available public dental services were provided. Results: A total of 83 children and adults participated in this project. Most of them were from Southeast Asia, South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Close to 90% of the participants had been staying in Hong Kong for more than five years. Two thirds of them reported brushing their teeth twice or more daily but most of them did not have the habit of daily interdental cleaning. Three quarters of the adult participants had experienced dental problems, most of which were associated with pain. Among these participants, around half chose self-care or did not take any action. A quarter of the participants had never seen a dentist in Hong Kong and the most common was financial concerns. Nearly 90% of the preschool children had untreated dental caries and their mean dt score was 4.6. Two-thirds of the adult participants had active dental caries and their mean DT score was 2.2. Around 80% of the adults had periodontal pockets of at least 4 mm deep. In this project, two thirds of the adult participants received scaling. SDF solution was applied to a total of 83 teeth and 32 ART restorations were placed as treatments for the decayed teeth. Conclusion: The oral hygiene practices of the participants of the present project were generally satisfactory but their interdental cleaning habits needed to be improved. It is common for the refugees and asylum seekers in Hong Kong to have encountered dental problems associated with pain and a high proportion of them manage their dental problem through self-care. The most prominent barrier for seeking professional dental care is financial concern. The prevalences of untreated dental caries and periodontitis are high among the adult refugees and asylum seekers in Hong Kong. In this project, informative oral health education and appropriate dental treatments had been successfully provided to the participants.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".