The Effects of Power-Sharing on the Size of the Public Sector: An Empirical Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This project seeks to comprehensively understand the relationship between power-sharing/ veto institutions and the size of a government's public sector. Specifically, I examine the horizontal and vertical power-sharing institutions of political parties and federalism respectively. Building on a comprehensive literature of the relationship between political institutions and public spending, I argue that governments that do not share power either vertically or horizontally are expected to be associated with larger public sectors. Conversely, power-sharing at both levels is expected to best constrain central government spending. I use comprehensive political and economic data for over 100 states from 1975-2000 and find that some of my argument is supported by the data, even when controlling for partisanship, regime type, economic growth and economic openness. I then look at each power-sharing institution's effect on spending more closely by employing a detailed case study on sub-national governments. It examines power-sharing in three federal states, the United States, Canada and Germany in order to look at how divided and coalition government at the sub-national level affects public spending relative to unified or single party governments. I find mixed support for my theory, though it is stronger in presidential than in parliamentary systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".