Establishment of Early Winter Seeding of Forages in Cold Regions of Japan
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Eastern Hokkaido is located in the southern end of the subfrigid zone. It has a very cold winter, although the summer is reasonably warm and humid. The annual temperature ranges between -25 °C and 30 °C, averaging about 7 °C in Obihiro. The precipitation averages about 900 mm per year. Soil freezing is very common in this area. Therefore, there is general agreement among workers that forage seeding in eastern Hokkaido must be confined to spring or summer. But the success of seeding is highly dependent upon the moisture content of the soil. For example, in some years in eastern Hokkaido, grassland cannot be successfully established due to drought damage by ,< Tokachiharukaze >> a local name for special winds in the Tokachi Plain experienced during spring time. Hence we were very interested in studying the effect oflate fall (dormant) seeding (commonly practised in Canada) that ensures germination early in the following spring, so that young seedlings can take advantage of moisture from the winter snowfalls. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of seeding date on the establishment and survival of forage grasses and legumes as compared to traditional spring sown plots, and to compare the early growth of two grass species that were sown in early winter and spring (Anderson and Elliot, 1957; Brooke and Holl, 1988).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".