Dietary minerals in seeds of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) varieties differ with the origin of sources
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The seeds of Cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.) has been considered as a vital source of nutrition for thousands of years in ancient world culture. However, industrial hemp has not been studied extensively for its nutritional potential though hempseed, which contains a considerable amount of oil, protein, dietary fibre, vitamins and minerals. Here, we assessed the dietary mineral concentration in seeds of 14 industrial hemp varieties locally available and imported in Western Australia to see the differences among the varieties in respect to six macro-minerals (Ca, K, Mg, Na, P and S) and 12 trace metals (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Pb, Zn, Cr and Ni). Briefly, hempseeds were oven-dried, ground and digested with cHNO3 (concentrated Nitric acid) followed by cHClO4 (concentrated Perchloric acid) and solutions were analysed by ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry) technique. Significant variations were observed among the varieties with respect to different macro- and micro-minerals concentration. Overall hempseeds are rich in the macro-minerals, P (0.883%), K (0.729%) and Mg (0.406%) and the micro-minerals, Fe (156.06 mg/kg), Mn (120.07 mg/kg) and Al (35.63 mg/kg). Among the 6 macrominerals, Ca (0.215%), K (1.00%), Mg (0.517%) and Na (0.046%) were found highest in the French monoecious variety, Felina 32. The P (1.058%) and S (0.314%) concentrations were highest in the Canadian monoecious variety, Morpeth and the Chinese dioecious variety, Han NW respectively. The French monoecious variety, Ferimon was lowest in Ca (0.106%) and Na (0.001%) and the Chinese dioecious variety, SI 1 was lowest in Mg (0.296%) and P (0.589%). The Chinese dioecious variety, Han FNH was lowest in K (0.647%), and Morpeth was lowest in S (0.197%). Among the 16 micro-minerals, As and Cd were not detected in any of the varieties though Pb was detected in the French monoecious variety, Santhica (0.42 mg/kg), followed by Chinese dioecious varieties, Puma 3 (0.33 mg/kg) and Han COLD (0.37 mg/kg). The variety, Felina 32 was highest in Al (93.00 mg/kg), Cu (17.61 mg/kg), Fe (219.49 mg/kg), Mo (1.07 mg/kg) and Zn (90.24 mg/kg) but was found lowest in Cr (1.45 mg/kg) and Ni (0.73 mg/kg) content. The Chinese dioecious variety, Yuma 1 was highest in Co (0.46 mg/kg) and Mn (175.55%) concentrations and the Chinese dioecious varieties, Bama 4 and Puma 3 were highest in Ni (4.30 mg/kg) and Cr (4.95%) respectively.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".