Use of GFRP in Concrete: An Investigation of Fire Properties and Performance
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this thesis, the potential of using glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) as reinforcement material in concrete structures is explored, with a focus on its performance when exposed to high temperatures compared to traditional steel reinforcement. The main objective is to compare and analyze how these materials are affected by high temperatures and to investigate the effect of biochar as an additive aimed at improving fire resistance. This study represents the first investigation in Sweden of concrete beams reinforced with GFRP and containing a 10 weight percent addition of biochar. The study is motivated by the ambition to promote the use of GFRP as a sustainable alternative within the construction sector, a strategy that has already been successfully implemented in countries like Canada and Poland. Glass fiber-reinforced polymers offer several advantages over traditional steel, such as high strength relative to low weight, good corrosion resistance, and minimal maintenance needs. Additionally, the manufacturing process of GFRP is less energy-intensive and results in lower carbon dioxide emissions. These properties make GFRP an interesting alternative in modern construction projects. However, the use of GFRP within the construction industry is largely limited by its high cost, limited experience among designers, and an insufficient understanding of its fire resistance. In the study, experimental tests were conducted to assess and compare the strength of concrete beams reinforced with either GFRP or steel, both before and after exposure to fire. Further tests were performed on corresponding concrete beams that contained an addition of biochar, to investigate its potential to improve fire properties. The results indicated that GFRP-reinforced concrete beams, with the addition of biochar, had a better ability to maintain their strength at 220°C compared to steel-reinforced concrete beams without this addition. However, the addition of biochar resulted in a noticeable deterioration of the strength of the GFRP-reinforced concrete beams that were not exposed to fire. The results from the study suggest that GFRP-reinforced concrete with the addition of biochar showed significantly improved fire resistance comparable to that of steel-reinforced concrete, when exposed to a temperature of 220°C. The test results imply that the addition of biochar is likely more beneficial for optimizing fire resistance rather than strength. Considering that this study represents an innovative initiative within its field, further research is recommended to carefully establish the optimal addition amount of biochar, as well as to explore the effects on biochar and GFRP when exposed to higher temperatures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".