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Record W7113313032

AMERIKA SERIKAT DALAM RENEGOSIASI NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT MENUJU UNITED STATE-MEXICO-CANADA AGREEMENT

2025· other· id· W7113313032 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueAndalas University eThesis (Andalas University) · 2025
Typeother
Languageid
Field
Topic
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsMultilateralismFree trade agreementAllianceInternational trade lawGovernment (linguistics)
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Penelitian ini membahas perilaku Amerika Serikat (AS) dalam renegosiasi North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) yang menghasilkan United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA). Latar belakang penelitian ini berangkat dari keinginan Presiden Donald J. Trump yang ingin mengubah NAFTA menjadi perjanjian baru. Di tengah proses rengeosiasi yang memicu perang tarif antar negara anggota, AS berhasil membuat seluruh negara anggota menyepakati USMCA. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif-analitis berbasis data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan. Analisis dilakukan dengan memadukan dua kerangka konseptual. Pertama, konsep kekuasaan (power) dari James Lee Ray digunakan untuk memetakan distribusi kekuatan di antara AS, Kanada, dan Meksiko. Pemetaan ini menunjukkan adanya asimetri kekuasaan yang menempatkan AS pada posisi lebih dominan dibanding dua mitranya. Kedua, konsep suasion game dari Lisa L. Martin digunakan untuk menjelaskan instrumen yang dipakai AS dalam memanfaatkan asimetri tersebut. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa AS menggunakan kombinasi instrument ancaman (threats) dan insentif (side-payments) dalam proses renegosiasi. Ancaman diwujudkan melalui ancaman keluar dari NAFTA serta penerapan tarif baja dan aluminium, sedangkan insentif diberikan melalui pencabutan tarif serta keuntungan lainnya yang dilembagakan dalam USMCA. Strategi ini membuat Kanada dan Meksiko tidak memiliki pilihan selain menerima bentuk perjanjian baru yang lebih sesuai dengan keinginan AS. Dengan demikian, renegosiasi NAFTA yang menjadi USMCA mencerminkan adanya asimetri kekuasaan dalam kerjasama multilateral memberikan ruang bagi AS untuk memengaruhi keputusan Kanada dan Meksiko.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.002
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: Not applicable
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: Other
Teacher disagreement score0.396
Threshold uncertainty score0.797

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.002
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.002
Science and technology studies0.0040.001
Scholarly communication0.0040.001
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0680.006

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.008
GPT teacher head0.181
Teacher spread0.174 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreOther

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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