Photonic crystal modulator using cadmium oxide epsilon-near-zero material in a shoulder-coupled resonant cavity
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
A high extinction ratio modulator using the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material of cadmium oxide (CdO) is proposed. The proposed device consists of a shoulder-coupled cavity at the middle of a photonic crystal (PC) structure where input light is coupled through a PC line defect waveguide. The shoulder-coupled resonant cavity is infiltrated with high mobility CdO. The structure is simulated by the two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method. According to the presented results, a high extinction ratio of 21.32 dB as well as a low insertion loss of 0.22 dB around the operating wavelength of 1.55 μm are achieved when a low voltage of 3.18 V is applied to the ENZ material. The modulation speed is as high as 14.4 GHz. Owing to the high quality-factor resonance of 1244, a strong field localization in the microcavity is obtained. The proposed modulator based on the high-mobility ENZ material of CdO could have a promising impact on future optical communications systems.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it