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Record W7114832790

Patterned Flexible and Transparent Electrodes for Future Dynamic Thin Film Optical Devices

2024· other· en· W7114832790 on OpenAlexfundno aff

Bibliographic record

VenuePolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) · 2024
Typeother
Languageen
Field
Topic
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsFabricationSemiconductor materialsPower consumptionThin film
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

RÉSUMÉ: L’industrie de l’optoélectronique, étant en constante évolution, est toujours à l’affût de solutions innovantes pouvant améliorer les technologies existantes ou en développer de nouvelles. Les électrodes transparentes, au cœur de plusieurs produits, ne font pas exception à la règle. Parmi les défis, la conception d’électrodes, non pas seulement transparentes, mais également flexibles, marque un point d’intérêt pour l’industrie. Les oxydes transparents et conducteurs sont régulièrement utilisés pour la fabrication d’électrodes transparentes, puisqu’ils conjuguent transparence et conductivité. Parmi ceux-ci, l’oxyde d’indium-étain (ITO) est le matériel le plus fréquemment utilisé. En revanche, l’ITO est fragile, entre autres lorsqu’il est placé sous contraintes mécaniques. De plus, il nécessite une étape de recuit pour améliorer ses propriétés optoélectroniques. Ces deux facteurs font de l’ITO un matériel moins intéressant quand il s’agit d’obtenir une électrode flexible en plus d’être transparente. Par conséquent, des recherches doivent être réalisées dans le but de trouver des solutions alternatives. Pour ce faire, de multiples techniques et matériaux peuvent être combinés pour réussir à obtenir des électrodes transparentes et flexibles. La méthode proposée, dans ce projet, repose sur l’usage de motifs pour créer des zones non conductrices hautement transparentes et des régions conductrices ayant une transparence variable selon les matériaux et les épaisseurs utilisés. Cette technique permet d’améliorer la transmission totale de l’électrode et sa flexibilité, tout en assurant un certain niveau de conductivité. Le but de l’étude étant d’amener cette transmission lumineuse (Tlum) à 90 % ou plus tout en maintenant la résistance de surface (Rs) en deçà ou égale à 50 Ω/□. En ce qui concerne les matériaux, l’étude s’est concentrée sur l’utilisation de métaux ainsi que d’ITO. Grâce aux tests effectués sur les différentes formes et grandeurs des motifs, au cours du projet, une meilleure compréhension de leurs effets sur les propriétés optoélectroniques et la flexibilité des électrodes a pu être établie. Finalement, un appareil a dû être conçu afin de mesurer la flexibilité des électrodes, le laboratoire n’ayant pas d’outils similaires à sa disposition. Ce projet expose une approche nouvelle et alternative afin de fabriquer des électrodes transparentes et flexibles. Le premier élément clé de cette technique consiste à utiliser un empilement de trois couches minces composées d’or et d’ITO (ITO-Au-ITO), déposées sur un substrat de PET par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron. ABSTRACT: The optoelectronic industry is always looking for new technological advances and solutions to follow its constant evolution. Flexible and transparent electrodes (FTEs) are central to many new-generation products and thus require continuous improvements. Transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) are popular materials for fabricating transparent electrodes, since they combine transparency and conductivity. Indium tin oxide (ITO) is the most popular material among TCOs. However, it shows limitations when it comes to flexibility as well as below-average optoelectronic properties without the use of annealing. Therefore, for the fabrication of FTEs, finding new solutions to bypass these drawbacks is imperative. Different avenues can be explored to create highly transparent and flexible electrodes to accomplish the aforementioned challenges. Multiple techniques and materials can be combined to obtain FTEs. The project focused on the use of ITO and metals combined with patterning as a way of improving the luminous transmittance and the flexibility of the electrodes without severely compromising their sheet resistance (Tlum ≥ 90%, Rs ≤ 50 Ω/□). By testing different types and sizes of patterns, the project also studied how these parameters affect the resulting optoelectronic properties and flexibility of the electrodes. Finally, a tool had to be designed to test the flexibility of the electrodes, as no such system could perform the required measurements in the laboratory. In this project, an alternative electrode fabrication process is presented. The latter uses a tri-layer stack of gold and ITO deposited via magnetron sputtering on a resist-patterned PET substrate produced via photolithography. Photolithography was selected as the patterning technique, since it is a well-known and documented process that provides easily repeatable results. Furthermore, by simply changing the photomask, photolithography allows the testing of a wide variety of types and sizes of patterns while keeping the same methodology, saving time and allowing for comparable results for each electrode design. The ITO-gold-ITO stack leads to high conductivity, durability, and flexibility provided by the gold layer and high transparency with the addition of the ITO layers. The latter also brought the added benefits of mechanically protecting the gold layer from damages such as scratches, as well as providing the electrode with a conductive top layer. Furthermore, the bottom ITO layer acted as a good seed layer for gold, promoting an earlier percolation threshold and improved optoelectronic properties. Afterward, the transparency and flexibility of the electrodes are further enhanced with the incorporation of patterning.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Methods · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.013

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0010.000
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.011
GPT teacher head0.262
Teacher spread0.251 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreMethods

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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