Reconsidering the business judgment rule in the age of climate change - The challenges of using corporate governance for environment, social and governance goals: A Canadian perspective
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background A. The Dutch Shell case B. The UK Spinoff of the Dutch Shell case 3.3.The Business Judgment Rule prevents a Substantive Review A. All Three Elements of the Business Judgment Rule are Procedural B. Application to Canada C. Delaware's Influence on Canadian Business Judgment Rule D. Canadian Judiciary's High Threshold for Substantive Review 3.4.The Business Judgment Rule prevents the Specification of Duties towards Stakeholders A. The Six Incidental Duties of Climate Change B. Specifying Interim Targets for Greenhouse Gas Emissions C. Canadian Reluctance to the Specification of Duties towards Stakeholders 3.5.The Business Judgment Rule also protects Director Inaction 3.6.Illustration in support of Argument CHAPTER 4. OTHER LIMITATIONS
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.007 | 0.010 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.023 | 0.032 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.020 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.009 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".