Blood pressure and peripheral vascular responses to acute small muscle mass exercise in females with polycystic ovary syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy amongst reproductive-aged females and is associated with increased risk for hypertension. Elevated blood pressure responses to exercise precede the development of hypertension but have yet to be examined in PCOS. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare blood pressure and peripheral vascular responses to isometric handgrip exercise between females with (n=10) and without PCOS (CTRL; n=7). Young (18-40 yrs) females completed the exercise protocol twice: 3-min isometric handgrip contraction, 2-min post-exercise circulatory occlusion (PECO), and 5-min recovery. Mean arterial (MAP), systolic (SBP), and diastolic blood pressures (DBP; all Finometer Pro, FMS) and forearm blood flow (FBF) in the active and inactive arms (duplex ultrasound, Vivid iq, GE) were measured continuously. Forearm vascular resistance (FVR) was calculated as MAP/FBF. Protocols were analyzed in 1-min time bins; final bins of exercise and PECO periods were extracted to assess peak responses. Resting MAP (89±7 vs. 86±5mmHg, p=0.30), SBP (110±7 vs. 111±7mmHg, p=0.86), and DBP (74±5 vs. 69±5mmHg, p=0.08) were not different between PCOS and CTRL, respectively. DBP was higher in PCOS than CTRL throughout the exercise protocol (effect of group: p=0.02). During peak exercise and PECO, relative increases in blood pressures were not different between groups (effects of group MAP: p=0.29; SBP: p=0.43; DBP: p=0.23). Similarly, peak changes in FBF in the active limb (effect of group: p= 0.82) and peak changes in FVR in the active limb (p=0.77) were not different between groups, nor were peak changes in FBF (effect of group: p= 0.57), or peak changes in FVR (p=0.47) in the inactive limb. These data suggest that blood pressure and peripheral vascular responses to small muscle mass exercise are not different between females with PCOS and CTRL in this small and relatively healthy cohort of participants
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".