Conservation Awareness and Public Knowledge of the Endangered Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca) on Vancouver Island, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Southern Resident Killer Whales (SRKWs) are an endangered population of Orcinus orca, with only 74 individuals remaining. This study examined public knowledge, awareness, and conservation actions regarding SRKWs among 483 residents of Vancouver Island, Canada. Guided by Value‑Belief‑Norm and Place Attachment frameworks, it was predicted that length of residence would be positively associated with SRKW knowledge and awareness, as longer‑term residents are more likely to develop emotional and cognitive bonds with local ecosystems. Results supported this prediction: longer‑term residents distinguished ecotypes, identified SRKWs, and recognized their spatial distribution more accurately. Stressors such as salmon depletion and pollution were widely acknowledged across all residency groups, yet extinction risk was less recognized, revealing the limits of awareness alone. Findings emphasize that, although residents express concern and a willingness to adopt pro‑conservation behaviors, effective recovery requires communication strategies that integrate values, norms, and efficacy beliefs to foster meaningful conservation outcomes for SRKWs.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".