Fixer des parcours, négocier des décisions: L'enfance métisse au prisme des commissions de tutelle au Congo belge (1890-1960)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
From the end of the 19th century, colonial administrators set up institutions and standards to assess and manage “abandoned” “native” children. Guardianship commissions dealt with the placement of orphans, disqualification from motherhood, and the appointment of guardians. They brought together representatives of the colonial state, religious missions and institutions, and private individuals. This article focuses, in particular, on mixed-race children born of interracial relationships in the colonial context in Congo and Ruanda-Urundi. The commissions relied on a network of surveys and investigations to decide on the fate of the children, control the – African – mothers, and, to a lesser extent and not without contradictions, compel the “presumed” European fathers to contribute financially to the education of their métis children. In this article, we show how the guardianship commissions are an observatory of the ambiguities, paternalism, racism, and violence of colonial society.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".