Multidimensional covert traffic attack detection via coupled spatio-temporal transformer and causal convolutional networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To address the persistent challenge of detecting traditional model-eluding covert attacks - including low-rate distributed denial of service (DDoS), advanced persistent threat (APT) infiltration, and network steganography - we propose stealth-targeted criss-cross network (ST-CCNet): a multi-dimensional traffic analysis model that integrates spatio-temporal transformer with stacked causal convolutions. The architecture employs causal convolution to extract localised spatio-temporal patterns, while the transformer encoder captures global contextual dependencies. A trainable gated fusion module dynamically synthesises multi-dimensional features (temporal, protocol headers, statistical metrics). Evaluated on the Communications Security Establishment-Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity Intrusion Detection System 2018 (CIC-IDS2018) benchmark, ST-CCNet achieves an improvement of 12 percentage points in recall for stealth attacks (e.g., Slowloris, botnet, web attack) and attains a 98.2% F1-score, outperforming state-of-the-art detectors. This framework provides a robust solution for securing complex network infrastructures against evolving threats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".