Multidimensional covert traffic attack detection via coupled spatio-temporal transformer and causal convolutional networks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
To address the persistent challenge of detecting traditional model-eluding covert attacks - including low-rate distributed denial of service (DDoS), advanced persistent threat (APT) infiltration, and network steganography - we propose stealth-targeted criss-cross network (ST-CCNet): a multi-dimensional traffic analysis model that integrates spatio-temporal transformer with stacked causal convolutions. The architecture employs causal convolution to extract localised spatio-temporal patterns, while the transformer encoder captures global contextual dependencies. A trainable gated fusion module dynamically synthesises multi-dimensional features (temporal, protocol headers, statistical metrics). Evaluated on the Communications Security Establishment-Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity Intrusion Detection System 2018 (CIC-IDS2018) benchmark, ST-CCNet achieves an improvement of 12 percentage points in recall for stealth attacks (e.g., Slowloris, botnet, web attack) and attains a 98.2% F1-score, outperforming state-of-the-art detectors. This framework provides a robust solution for securing complex network infrastructures against evolving threats.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".