SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF BALLOON-TYPE COUPLED CLT SHEAR WALLS WITH HIGH-CAPACITY SCREWED HOLD-DOWNS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper examines the seismic performance of coupled balloon-type CLT shear walls with high-capacity hold-downs. This system is a promising and efficient option, but not currently included in the National Building Code of Canada. A new performance-based unified procedure is used to begin the required analyses for deriving the needed seismic force modification factors (ductility and overstrength) for this system. First, a set of structural archetypes is suggested. Then, a simplified numerical model of coupled balloon-type shear walls is created in OpenSees and validated using experimental test data. 44 ground motion records are chosen and scaled to represent the seismic hazard in downtown Vancouver. Finally, 32 preliminary non-linear time history analyses are performed. These show that the performance of the proposed system is favorable. On average, peak interstorey drifts during seismic loading are limited to less than 1.0%. The absolute maximum interstorey drift recorded from all 16 analyses was 2.24%.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".