Tectono-Geomorphic Mapping of Neotectonic Bedrock Structures
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The causes of recurrent, low to moderate magnitude (≤ 4 Nuttli Magnitude – MN) intraplate seismicity in Southern Ontario are not well understood. Neotectonic faults and pop-up structures have been identified in Prince Edward County (PEC), but their links to underlying basement-fault zones and regional seismicity is uncertain. Tectono-geomorphic mapping and near-surface geophysics were conducted in this study on the Long Point peninsula (PEC) to investigate possible neotectonic structures. A high-resolution (2 m) digital topobathymetric model (TBM) was constructed by combining a LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) derived terrain model with multi-beam sonar bathymetric data. Six bedrock fault zones and > 30 pop-up structures were identified in the TBM, including a distinct, low relief (< 2 m) bedrock ridge (Gravelly Bay Fault Zone - GBFZ) that crosscuts late Pleistocene (ca. 12 ka) drumlin features. Ground-penetrating radar profiles reveal localized thrust faulting, block rotations and increased fracture density within the fault damage zone. The GBFZ is aligned with a NNW-trending magnetic lineament in Lake Ontario, indicating a coincident fault or shear zone in underlying Precambrian basement. Fault mechanisms for the GBFZ could include glaciotectectonic thrusting of bedrock, post-glacial isostatic unloading and reactivation of favourably oriented faults under the current intraplate stress field. The spatial coincidence of the GBFZ with basement magnetic lineaments suggests that the fault zone is structurally inherited from a fault or shear zone in the underlying Mesoproterozoic basement. The Picton and Salmon Point faults are also located over NE-trending aeromagnetic lineaments, indicating ‘tectonic templating’ of Paleozoic faults by underlying Precambrian basement structures. Further geophysical and field structural studies are underway in PEC to determine the fault mechanisms and possible linkages to recurrent seismicity in Southern Ontario.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".