Residual Inflammatory Risk Is Associated with Cognitive Impairment After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) may lead to varying degrees of cognitive impairment, while the inflammatory response plays a significant role in this process. This study aims to examine the relationship between residual inflammation risk (RIR) and the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled a total of 172 patients diagnosed with AIS over the study period from January 2024 to December 2024. They were divided into four groups: RIR only [low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 2.6 mmol/L and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) ≥ 2 mg/L], residual cholesterol risk (RCR) only (LDL-C ≥ 2.6 mmol/L and hsCRP < 2 mg/L), both risk or residual cholesterol and inflammatory risk (RCIR) (LDL-C ≥ 2.6 mmol/L and hsCRP ≥ 2 mg/L), and neither risk (LDL-C < 2.6mmol/L and hsCRP < 2 mg/L). PSCI is defined as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score below 22 at 6 months after stroke. The final analysis included 172 patients who completed the follow-up. The association between RIR and PSCI was analyzed by multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Among the 172 enrolled patients, 58 (33.7%) developed PSCI. The proportion of patients with neither risk, RIR, RCR, and RCIR was 23.8% (n=41),18.6% (n=32), 32.0% (n=55) and 25.6% (n=44), respectively. Compared to those without PSCI, patients with PSCI had a higher prevalence of hyperlipidemia ( P = 0.026), a greater proportion of RIR ( P = 0.015), and higher white blood cell count ( P = 0.042) and neutrophil count ( P = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for major confounding factors, identified RIR as an independent factor associated with PSCI occurrence (OR 4.496, 95% CI 1.571– 17.477, P = 0.030; RCIR: OR 7.357, 95% CI 2.081– 26.006, P = 0.002). Conclusion: This study presents what is, to our knowledge, the first evidence that RIR is associated with PSCI among acute ischemic stroke patients. Keywords: residual inflammatory risk, post-stroke cognitive impairment, acute ischemic stroke
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".