L’économie volitive de John R. Commons dans Legal Foundations of Capitalism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dans Legal Foundations of Capitalism (1924), John R. Commons propose une théorie volitive de l’activité économique où la connexion droit-économie est centrale. Il substitue au concept traditionnel d’échange économique égalitaire le concept de transaction. Dans une transaction, les volontés des transacteurs sont encadrées par des règles de conduites réciproques, pas nécessairement égalitaires, et des opportunités qui peuvent varier. Commons construit une méthodologie d’analyse des diverses grammaires transactionnelles auxquelles les volontés réciproques des transacteurs doivent se plier. Lorsque les transacteurs font preuve de bonne volonté, la transaction est raisonnable ; en revanche, lorsqu’un transacteur procède à des abus, à de la coercition, à une position trop dominante, etc., il dispose d’un privilège transactionnel. Celui-ci, comme goodwill, peut prendre la forme d’un capital intangible.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.016 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".