Effect of laser powder bed fusion process parameters on microstructure and coefficient of thermal expansion of Al6061
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High-performance aluminum (Al) alloys, including the 6xxx and 7xxx series, are considered promising materials for energy, aerospace, automotive, and defense applications. In this work, the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) technique was employed to fabricate Al6061. An optimized processing window for L-PBF was established to fabricate Al6061 with relative densities exceeding 99%, using a laser power range of 200-250 W, a scanning speed of 1000 mm/s, and a hatch spacing of 140 µm. This process resulted in complete melting within the energy density range of 44-50 J/mm3. Additionally, thermal expansion and average linear coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) analyses revealed that parts produced at energy densities below 44.64-50 J/mm3 exhibited lower CTE, likely due to void formation in the lack of fusion mode. Similarly, higher energy densities (69.44 and 104.16 J/mm3) also caused a decrease in CTE, attributed to phase transformations and keyhole formation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".