Spacing ratio effects on the interference of three-dimensional twin synthetic jets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A numerical study is performed to investigate the effects of spacing ratio (s/d = 1.2, 2.0, 3.0 and 4, where s is the center-to-center distance between the jets and d is the jet-exit diameter) on the mixing and turbulence characteristics of a circular twin synthetic jet (TSJ) using Improved Delay Detached Eddy Simulations (IDDES). The Reynolds number based on the maximum centerline jet-exit velocity was fixed at Re = 310 with an actuation frequency of 300Hz . Both the phase-averaged and time-averaged results showed that the inner shear layers of the TSJ converge at the merging point, promoting interactions within the jets, which causes the jets to combine into a single jet further downstream. The merging and combined points increased linearly with the spacing ratio. However, the velocity decay rate of each jet generally decreased as the spacing ratio increased. For s/d = 1.2 and 2.0, the merging of the jets induced an axis-switching phenomenon, which was not observed for the larger spacing ratios. Q-criterion was used to examine the three-dimensional vortical structures associated with axis-switching and interference between the TSJ.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.009 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".