Suicidal thoughts, problem gambling severity and utilisation of health care and social services: A population-based study in Finland
Bibliographic record
Abstract
• Suicidal thoughts are common among those with problem gambling, even after controlling for sociodemographic factors, excessive alcohol use, severe psychological distress, loneliness, and long-term illness. • Almost all individuals with problem gambling and suicidal thoughts had used some health services in the past year while one-third had used social services. • Those with concurrent suicidal thoughts and problem gambling were more likely to access services than those with suicidal thoughts without gambling. • Individuals who had engaged in gambling and experienced suicidal thoughts in the past year but had not utilized health care services were more often young, male, and excessive alcohol users. • It is important to improve screening and early detection for gambling problems and suicidality in the service network and to integrate services to support people in various needs. Persons harmed by problem gambling have an increased risk of suicide and suicidal thoughts. Social and health care services have an important role in recognising and supporting persons harmed by gambling problems and suicidal thoughts. We analyse population-based survey data from the Healthy Finland survey of permanent Finnish residents aged 20 years or older (n = 28,154). We study associations between gambling and suicidal thoughts, and use of health care and social services among individuals engaged in gambling and experienced suicidal thoughts in the past year. The analysis uses χ 2 tests and logistic regression models. Of persons harmed by problem gambling (PGSI score ≥ 8) 31 % had suicidal thoughts. Among persons harmed by problem gambling and having suicidal thoughts, utilization of health care and social services was more common compared to non-gamblers with suicidal thoughts. Individuals who engaged in gambling and experienced suicidal thoughts in the past year but had not utilized health care services were more often young, male, and excessive alcohol users. On the contrary, those who had used social services, engaged in gambling and had suicidal thoughts were experiencing more often long-term illnesses and severe psychological distress. Suicidal thoughts are prevalent among persons harmed by problem gambling. Social and health service systems need to better recognise the association between gambling and co-occurrent suicidal thoughts. In addition, services need to be developed to offer effective treatment and support with high levels of integration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".