Superoxide anion-induced ferritinophagy is involved in ferroptosis occurrence of cashmere goat sperm during cryopreservation
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ferroptosis initiates at the cooling-equilibration phase, which is associated with the decreased levels of ferroptosis inhibitory proteins. The occurrence of ferroptosis during sperm cryopreservation is mediated by superoxide anions, and ferritinophagy is involved in this process. Ferroptosis is the primary form of regulated cell death in cashmere goat sperm during the freeze-thaw process, which significantly hinders the efficacy and application of frozen semen technology, yet its specific regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found it activated during the cooling-equilibration phase, linked to the degradation of critical ferroptosis inhibitory proteins like ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1). Freezing causes superoxide anion accumulation via cytochrome b (CYTB) upregulation and reduced mitochondrial antioxidants, unblocked by ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1). Superoxide anions dose-dependently induce ferroptosis, mitigated by Fer-1. Autophagy/ferritinophagy inhibitors alleviate it, implicating ferritinophagy. This identifies superoxide anions as key mediators, offering new targets for sperm cryopreservation.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it