Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article considers the young witch figure in three recently published children’s visual texts: Phoebe Wahl’s picturebook Little Witch Hazel: A Year in the Forest (2021) , Kat Leyh’s graphic novel Snapdragon (2020) , and Wendy Xu’s graphic novel Tidesong (2021) . Witches in children’s literature are often associated with the idea of liminality, but their liminality between nature and culture has received less scholarly attention. Delineating young witches and their interconnection with the natural world, the selected texts demonstrate the young witch figure’s relationships with different aspects of nature: the forest, the wild animals living in it, those living in urban areas, and those living in the sea. Reading the visual texts through Donna Haraway’s posthumanist theory and Lawrence Buell’s ecocritical framework, this paper argues that there is an emerging trend within children’s literature: stories about young witches now tend to depict how girls develop or strengthen their recognition of and respect for the subject status of wild animals and the environment.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.017 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".