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Record W7116639131

La recreación de la expresividad: análisis de tempo y agógica en las Variaciones Goldberg por Glenn Gould (1981) aplicado a la interpretación musical virtual

2025· article· es· W7116639131 on OpenAlexaboutno aff
Sara Herrero Gozalo

Bibliographic record

VenueUPM Digital Archive (Technical University of Madrid) · 2025
Typearticle
Languagees
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicMusicology and Musical Analysis
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsStyle (visual arts)Interpretation (philosophy)Subject (documents)MusicalFocus (optics)RhythmNotation
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The two recordings of Johann Sebastian Bachs Goldberg Variations BWV 988 by Canadian pianist Glenn Gould (1932-1982), made in 1955 and 1981, have been the subject of controversy, discussion and analysis on countless occasions. However, most of these discussions focus on the temporal relationships between variations as a result of Goulds establishment of an Ur-tempo or constant rhythmic reference point for his last recording. This thesis proposes an analysis of the treatment of tempo and internal timings of the variations, based on quantitative data extracted from the 1981 recording. The aim is to define the most characteristic elements of Goulds performing style and to apply them to a virtual performance of the work. We have extracted the tempo data using Sonic Visualiser and then generated tables, linear graphs and hierarchical timescapes that allow us to quantify both the general tempo of a piece and the internal timings in order to compare them with the notation left by Bach. We have defined the particularities of Goulds style in his 1981 recording by comparing these data with those extracted from four other historical recordings: Gould himself (1955), András Schiff (1982), Rosalyn Tureck (1998) and Murray Perahia (2000). The results obtained show that the most defining aspect of each interpretation is to be found particularly in the treatment of internal timings, even more so than in that of tempo. This applies not only to the conscious timings, the ones determined by performance conventions and traditions, but above all to the unconscious timings which the performer may not intend but that spring from the music itself. No human pianist plays every single quarter note of a piece of music with the same exact duration, and all performers make the tempo flexible in order to accommodate ornaments, overlapping hands or large jumps between chords. Our work has proven that the tempo and timings in a musical performance can be parameterised and applied to a realistic and human-sounding virtual performance. We have also shown that it is possible to emulate the performance style of a particular musician through such a study. RESUMEN Las dos grabaciones de las Variaciones Goldberg BWV 988 de Johann Sebastian Bach que el pianista canadiense Glenn Gould (1932-1982) realizó en los años 1955 y 1981 han sido objeto de controversia, discusión y análisis en innumerables ocasiones. Sin embargo, la mayor parte de ellos se centran en las relaciones temporales entre variaciones como resultado del establecimiento de un Ur-tempo o punto de referencia rítmica constante por parte de Gould para su última versión. Esta tesis propone un análisis, a partir de datos cuantitativos extraídos de la grabación de 1981, del tratamiento del tempo y la agógica interna de las variaciones, con el fin de definir los elementos más característicos del estilo interpretativo de Gould y poder aplicarlos a una interpretación virtual de la obra. Para ello, se han extraído los datos necesarios a través del programa Sonic Visualiser, generando tablas, gráficas lineales y trazados jerárquicos que nos permiten cuantificar tanto el tempo general de una pieza como las variaciones agógicas internas, comparando los resultados con la notación dejada por Bach. Con el fin de definir las particularidades específicas del estilo de Gould en su grabación de 1981, estos datos se han comparado con los extraídos de otras cuatro grabaciones históricas de la obra: el propio Gould (1955), András Schiff (1982), Rosalyn Tureck (1998) y Murray Perahia (2000). Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que el aspecto más definitorio de cada interpretación se encuentra particularmente en el tratamiento de la agógica, más incluso que en el del tempo. Pero no solamente en cuanto a la agógica consciente, la determinada por convenciones y tradiciones interpretativas, sino, sobre todo, la inconsciente. Es decir, la que el intérprete no busca necesariamente pero que deriva de la propia escritura de la pieza; aparte del hecho de que no hay ser humano que interprete todas las negras de una obra con la misma exacta duración, tampoco existe ser humano que no flexibilice el tempo para acomodar ornamentos, solapamientos de manos o grandes saltos entre acordes. Como resultado de este trabajo, creemos haber probado que se puede parametrizar el tempo y la agógica de una interpretación musical para, posteriormente, aplicarlo a una interpretación virtual que suena realista, así como que es posible emular el estilo interpretativo de un artista en particular a través de un estudio de este tipo.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.001
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesMeta-epidemiology (narrow), Science and technology studies, Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.903
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.001
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0010.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.004
Scholarly communication0.0000.001
Open science0.0010.002
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.218
Teacher spread0.213 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.

Study designTheoretical or conceptual
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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