Structural Control and Timing of the Iron-Oxide-Copper-Gold (IOCG) Skarn Formation at Tatatila-Las Minas Mining District (Central Mexico)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The iron-oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) skarns of the Tatatila-Las Minas mining district in central Mexico represent a structurally-controlled, exhumed fossil geothermal system located in the eastern sector of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). The district was historically exploited for gold and copper mineralization. The emplacement of the ore bodies was controlled by regional Neogene–Quaternary NE- and NW-striking fault systems formed during the extensional evolution of the TMVB. These faults acted as conduits for high-temperature hydrothermal fluids circulating during the cooling of the Neogene magmatic intrusions. By integrating detailed field study with available exploration borehole data, the spatial distribution of the skarn bodies was reconstructed. Three main emplacement geometries were identified: (a) at contacts between magmatic bodies and host rocks, (b) as lenticular or irregular bodies parallel to the host rock foliation, and (c) at the intersections of near-orthogonal faults. Although structural controls on skarn formation represent a key factor in ore emplacement, their analysis remains scarcely explored. This paper therefore contributes to filling this gap by providing a detailed characterization of the structural framework governing IOCG skarn development at Tatatila–Las Minas. The results improve understanding of IOCG systems formation and provide predictive criteria for mineral exploration in similar geological settings, potentially reducing exploration and mining risks.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".