Trade policy uncertainty and agricultural exports: The mitigating roles of RTA and liberal democracies
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the context of heightened global uncertainty over economic and trade policies, this analysis examines how Trade Policy Uncertainty (TPU) impacts agricultural exports using two-way fixed effects and Panel Quantile Regression (PQR) methods. It studies the role of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) and liberal democracies in mitigating the effect of the TPU on agricultural exports. The analysis covers 15 Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) countries from 1988 to 2023. The estimated results reveal that the lagged values of TPU specific to RCEP countries and the Global TPU exert negative and statistically significant effects on agricultural exports. The results of the panel quantile regression analysis reveal that the effects of the independent variables on agricultural exports are heterogeneous across different quantiles. The findings of this study suggest that regional trade agreements and higher levels of liberal democracy serve as mitigating factors, alleviating the adverse effects of trade policy uncertainty on agricultural exports. Based on these findings, our study significantly contributes to the empirical literature and offers valuable insights for policy making.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".