Host–parasite interactions in Quebec fishes: state of knowledge and emerging threats
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Despite their vital role in ecosystem health and biodiversity, parasites are often overlooked or misunderstood by the public, scientists, and managers. One misconception is that parasites should be eradicated rather than studied or conserved. Thus, our understanding of many parasite species, including their impacts on hosts and ecosystems, is limited, making it difficult to predict how infection dynamics may shift in a warming world. This lack of knowledge is particularly concerning in Canadian aquatic systems, where fishes, both culturally and economically important species, are increasingly threatened. Synthesizing knowledge of host–parasite interactions in Canadian fishes can help identify areas in greater need of investigation and establish a baseline for monitoring disease dynamics over time and space. Focusing on freshwater fishes in Quebec, this perspective assesses the current state knowledge of metazoan fish parasites and highlights species and geographic locations in need of further research. We also explore how emerging threats—including climate change, invasive species, range shifts, and disease spillover—may impact host–parasite relationships. This work offers a foundation for similar studies across Canada and beyond.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".