Swimming Dynamics of Bottlenose Dolphins: a Koopman Modeling Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Marine mammals rely on their flukes for propulsion. However, the forces generated by their foil-like flukes can not be measured directly due to the complexities of the marine environment. This study presents a data-driven modeling framework to investigate propulsive hydrodynamic forces during swimming. First, synthetic data was generated using a low-order simulation based on prior research to generate training data for model identification. The simulation models the two-dimensional translational motion (longitudinal and vertical) of the animal and approximates its fluking gait as a multi-linkage system. The propulsion force acting on the fluke is simulated using the principles of unsteady hydrodynamics and hydroelasticity. Subsequently, extended dynamic mode decomposition identifies a nonlinear model by lifting the original state-space into a higher-order nonlinear representation. The results demonstrate that the proposed method accurately estimates both the motion of the animal and the hydrodynamic forces exerted on it.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".