Exploring Associations Between Heart Disease and Its Risk Factors and Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia In American Samoans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There have been several studies that have provided evidence of the link between cognitive impairment and heart disease, while other research has provided results contradicting such an association. Regardless, significant disparities in both Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) as well as cardiovascular disease (CVD) exist especially for Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders (NHPIs). The purpose of this study is to explore the association between CVD and ADRD risk specifically in Samoans, with an emphasis on understanding the effect of CVD risk factors on ADRD risk. METHOD: This study is a retrospective secondary data analysis that utilized data collected by the American Samoa Community Cancer Coalition's Puipui Malu Manatu research study (RF1AG075904) on ADRD, currently being conducted in the US territory of American Samoa. Chi-square test of independence was used to determine the association between ADRD risk level and heart disease status. De-identified data from 680 adults aged at least 50 years of Samoan ancestry was used. Preliminary ADRD risk level (Low, Intermediate, High) was determined via ranking the scores of the primary three objective cognitive impairment assessments (Cognivue, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and the Number Symbol Coding Test) administered to study participants. These risk level scores will be validated using blood biomarker results from blood samples obtained from participants. Multiple linear regression will be used to understand the relationship between CVD risk factors (age, sex, physical activity, diet, alcohol and tobacco use, hypertension, high cholesterol, and family history of heart disease) and validated ADRD risk level using blood biomarker data collected by ASCCC. Data collection is ongoing. RESULT: Of 680 participants, only 57 reported medically diagnosed heart disease status. Initial results from Chi-square analysis show no association between heart disease and ADRD risk level (p = 0.14). Data collection and analysis for results for blood biomarker data is still ongoing. CONCLUSION: There appears to be no association between heart disease and ADRD risk in Samoan adults in American Samoa. Validated ADRD risk levels using blood biomarker data is needed to explore possible association between effect of CVD risk factors on ADRD risk in this population. Data collection is ongoing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".