Determinants of volatile organic compound exposure among children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC), ubiquitous indoor air pollutants gaseous at room temperature, is associated with respiratory morbidity in children with chronic lung disease, but specific sources in homes may be challenging to identify. METHODS: To evaluate how home characteristics or activities related to total VOC levels (TVOC) in homes of children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), including short-term, episodic "peak" exposures to TVOC, we conducted home environmental monitoring among 122 children aged 6-12 with BPD in greater Boston. This included weeklong hourly indoor air pollutant measurements. We investigated associations between home environmental exposures and mean TVOC levels or the likelihood of a TVOC peak, adjusting for season and demographic characteristics. RESULTS: and pets. Cold season, temperature, humidity, and concurrent cleaning activity increased the likelihood of a TVOC peak. CONCLUSION: Associations with cold season, indoor temperature, and indoor humidity support the importance of air exchange for the clearance of home indoor TVOC. Cleaning may represent an individually modifiable source of VOC exposure. IMPACT: Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOC), ubiquitous indoor air pollutants gaseous at room temperature, is associated with respiratory morbidity in children with chronic lung diseases such as asthma, but specific sources in homes may be challenging to identify. In a prospective cohort of school-age children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, we report on home environmental factors and real-time activities associated with indoor total volatile organic compound (VOC) levels, contributing to a growing body of work characterizing indoor VOC exposure. We are the first to define and evaluate short-term, episodic high or "peak" VOC exposures, showing substantial rises in VOC in a real-world setting during concurrent cleaning. This work sets the stage for future investigations into health impacts of episodic exposure to peak levels of VOCs among at-risk individuals such as children with lung disease, pregnant people, and professional cleaners.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".