A Literature Review on The Social and Solidarity Economyas A Lever for The Professional Integration of Young Graduates: Comparative Studies of Cases from Morocco and Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This scientific communication explores the role of the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) in the professional integration of young graduates, focusing on the cases of Morocco and Quebec. SSE, representing solidarity and sustainability, constitutes an authentic alternative in addressing youth unemployment and the skills mismatch. In Quebec, where SSE accounts for 8% of GDP, programs such as Youth Employment Centers have demonstrated their effectiveness by providing training and support services. Although SSE is still emerging in Morocco, initiatives like IDMAJ show promise, highlighting the need to move beyond symbolic employment and bridge the skills-market gap. The full potential of SSE can be realized through mechanisms such as public-private partnerships, tailored training programs, and a supportive legal framework. Morocco’s SSE ecosystem, even in its early stages, can benefit from Quebec’s experience, including youth cooperatives, to strengthen this developing sector. Overall, SSE appears to be a viable pathway for enhancing the professional integration of young people, offering opportunities for knowledge transfer and collaborative initiatives between Morocco and Quebec.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.009 | 0.018 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".