Interplay between sleep and exercise in older adults at increased risk of Alzheimer disease and related dementias
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) are a global concern, with major personal and socio-economic impacts. Physical inactivity and poor sleep are important modifiable risk factors for ADRD and addressing these factors could reduce the prevalence of dementia by up to 40%. For example, poor sleepers have a 1.6-fold higher risk of developing AD but how do we define poor sleep, what components of sleep are relevant, by how much can sleep quality be improved and what effect does improving sleep have on brain health? Equally, what types of physical activity improve brain health and sleep quality, and what are the relative magnitudes of effect? We will present data demonstrating the association between poor sleep and impaired cognition, and the beneficial effects of aerobic exercise on sleep and cognition in older adults at increased risk of ADRD. METHODS: peak) and cognition (overall composite, domains) data from two cohorts: BIM-I is a prospective cohort study of older sedentary adults with longitudinal assessments over a long term (5-7 years) follow-up. The second cohort is from the BIM-II randomized controlled trial involving aerobic exercise in older adults at increased risk of ADRD. Data from BIM-II examines the inter-relationship between exercise, sleep and cognition. RESULTS: Data from BIM-I and II demonstrate: 1) compared to younger adults, older adults have a significant reduction in deep (i.e., slow wave) sleep, an increase in transitional sleep and more wakefulness during sleep; 2) evidence of sex differences in sleep and in exercise effects on sleep; and 3) aerobic exercise is more effective than stretch and tone exercise to improve sleep quality, cognition, and cerebrovascular health. CONCLUSIONS: The novel cross-sectional, interventional and longitudinal data emerging from BIM-I and BIM-II in community dwelling & non-clinical populations provide evidence supporting age-related declines in sleep architecture and improvements in sleep with aerobic exercise, as well as a complex interplay between sleep, exercise and cognition in older adults at increased risk of ADRD. These findings help advance knowledge of how lifestyle modifications maintain brain and cognitive health with aging, with relevance to prevention of ADRD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".