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Record W7116987131 · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2025.105076

Exploring THC labelling preferences to communicate the strength of cannabis products: Insights from U.S. consumers

2025· article· en· W7116987131 on OpenAlexaff
Danielle Dawson, Wayne Hall, Isabella Goodwin, Beatriz H. Carlini, Dan I. Lubman, David Hammond, Tom P Freeman, Valentina Lorenzetti

Bibliographic record

VenueInternational Journal of Drug Policy · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldMedicine
TopicCannabis and Cannabinoid Research
Canadian institutionsUniversity of Waterloo
FundersNational Health and Medical Research Council
KeywordsSAFERCannabisLabellingExploratory researchPoison controlHuman factors and ergonomicsDelta-9-tetrahydrocannabinolTetrahydrocannabinol

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

BACKGROUND: As cannabis policies have become more liberalized internationally, cannabis products have become increasingly accessible, diversified and potent as indicated by the amount of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) they contain. The THC content of cannabis products is often inconsistently reported, limiting opportunities to inform consumers about health risks and safer consumption practices. We explored consumers' preferences on the type of THC information (i.e., standard units, concentration, total content) that should be displayed on cannabis products in legal markets. METHODS: A convenience sample of 575 adults from various U.S. states who reported cannabis use within the past 12 months was recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk. Respondents completed a survey assessing cannabis use and related attitudes, which included a subsection focused on potential metrics that could be used to report THC content. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Majority of respondents considered it important for cannabis products to include information on Standard THC Units (e.g., 5 milligrams of THC), THC concentration (%), or the total content of THC on cannabis product labels. When comparing Standard THC Units, THC concentration or both options, Standard THC Units were the preferred metric, p<.001. Consumer preferences for these three metrics did not signficantly differ across U.S. state cannabis policy environments, sex, and frequency of cannabis use when compared using multinomial logistic regression. CONCLUSIONS: These exploratory findings preliminarily support the potential value of standardized THC dose labelling, particularly in the form of a standardized metric such as the Standard THC Unit, as a tool to better inform consumer decision-making and promote safer patterns of use. The findings require replication in more representative samples using additional THC metrics, including but not limited to, THC milligrams as a response option.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.002
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.005
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.020
Threshold uncertainty score0.040

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0020.005
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.001
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.001
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0030.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.067
GPT teacher head0.356
Teacher spread0.289 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designObservational
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2025
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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