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Record W7117000678 · doi:10.1080/02691728.2025.2568899

Digital Epistemology Reconsidered

2025· article· en· W7117000678 on OpenAlex
Sean Hermanson, Murray Clarke

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

affAt least one author lists a Canadian institution in the pinned OpenAlex snapshot.

Bibliographic record

VenueSocial Epistemology · 2025
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldArts and Humanities
TopicDigital Humanities and Scholarship
Canadian institutionsConcordia University
Fundersnot available
KeywordsSocial epistemologyEpistemology of WikipediaFormal epistemologyEpistemic virtuePhilosophy of science

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Concerns over the toxicity of social media have prompted philosophers to develop a new branch of epistemology focused on the epistemic evaluation of cognitive environments: Environmental Epistemology (though we will mostly use the descriptor, ‘Digital Epistemology’). Traditional epistemology is about the evaluation of persons or groups and this overlooks the evaluation of things and systems in their own right. Epistemic environments – spaces, real and digital, where people interact and communicate – are said to be governed by new specific and general epistemic norms to be philosophically investigated. This paper surveys various proposals within Environmental (or Digital) Epistemology with the aim of clarifying what exactly is being proposed, whether is it worth the attention of philosophers, and how this viewpoint might be defended and applied. Our discussion includes critiques of healthy, neutral, and toxic epistemic environments, environmental resources, epistemic health, pollution, hostility, vulnerability, and flooding. While acknowledging that epistemic environments, including digital media, can inhibit our attempts to reason and understand, we are less confident that this emerging viewpoint has been adequately developed and motivated. Current epistemological frameworks – especially Reliabilist – already have the means to address questions about how to epistemically evaluate informational environments.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Theoretical or conceptual · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Other · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.739
Threshold uncertainty score0.999

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.001
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0020.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.048
GPT teacher head0.265
Teacher spread0.217 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it