Cultural ecosystem services and sense of place: post-rehabilitation assessment of Wadi Hanifah’s performance from a socio-cultural lens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper evaluates the socio-cultural performance of urban ecological rehabilitation through the lens of cultural ecosystem services (CES) and sense of place. Accordingly, it introduces a dynamic, context-sensitive evaluative framework that integrates place image, identity, and attachment as key performance indicators. The framework is applied to the rehabilitation of Wadi Hanifah in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using a mixed-methods approach that combines document reviews, online surveys, and semi-structured interviews to assess shifts in the Wadi’s meaning and use post-rehabilitation. Findings reveal a transformation in the Wadi’s place image – from associations with degradation and utilitarian function to one centered on recreation and heritage. The results underscore how ecological rehabilitation can foster socio-cultural value and strengthen collective identity. The proposed framework not only supports future evaluations of Wadi Hanifah but also offers a transferable model for assessing similar projects elsewhere, advancing more holistic understandings of the interplay between ecosystems and human experience.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".