Vertebrate assemblage and depositional environment of the Fayetteville Shale (Upper Mississippian, middle Chesterian)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Upper Mississippian (Middle Chesterian) Fayetteville Shale has long yielded exceptionally preserved plant and invertebrate fossils, but its vertebrate fossils have only recently been investigated in earnest. These investigations have yielded numerous three-dimensionally preserved chondrichthyan remains, capturing key features for reconstructing early chondrichthyan relationships. Over the last several decades, paleobotanists and invertebrate paleontologists have collected vast numbers of phosphatic concretions from this formation. For this investigation, dozens of these concretions housed at the American Museum of Natural History were split open or µCT-scanned, revealing a diversity of vertebrate fossils previously unknown from these deposits. We provide an account of the vertebrate diversity, as well as a summary overview of previous hypotheses of Fayetteville Shale paleoecology and depositional environment. Synchronous synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction mapping, combined with powder diffraction, were used to characterize the elemental and mineralogical composition of a concretion and its fossil content. The obtained data support reconstructions of the depositional environment and explain the exceptional preservation of calcified cartilage but limited preservation of bone and shell.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".