<i>TaRIP2</i> Positively Regulates Wheat Pollen Wall Formation Through <scp>MYB80</scp> ‐Controlled Lipid Metabolism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Male-sterile genes and mutants are critical for hybrid seed production in monocotyledonous crops. Lipids are essential structural components of male reproductive organs, such as the anther and pollen. Here, we show that the pollen-preferential gene TaRIP2 is essential for wheat anther development and pollen formation. RT-qPCR analysis revealed TaRIP2 is specifically expressed during the callose and tetrad stages. Using CRISPR/Cas9, we generated TaRIP2 mutants (rip2), which displayed smaller, wilted anthers with defective cuticles and a low proportion of viable pollen grains (~5.7%). Microscopy revealed that the mutant Rip2 microspores had a smaller size, a smooth exine lacking sculptural elements and fewer organelles. RNA-seq identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in pathways related to pollen wall formation. KEGG analysis showed these DEGs are involved in cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis and fatty acid degradation. Fatty acids C16:0, C18:0 and C18:2 were significantly elevated in rip2 anthers. These phenotypes coincided with the downregulation of genes involved in lipid metabolism and anther development. Dual-luciferase and EMSA assays confirmed TaRIP2 is directly regulated by the transcription factor MYB80. Together, our results show TaRIP2 regulates pollen wall formation through the MYB80-control lipid metabolic pathways.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".