A Case Series of SGLT2i Improving Hemoglobin in Adults with Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The objective of our case series was to assess the change in hemoglobin for adults with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) started on a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) for their diabetes, heart failure, or chronic kidney disease. CASE PRESENTATION: Four patients with bone marrow biopsy confirmed low- or intermediate-risk MDS were referred for consideration of SGLT2i between July 2024 and December 2024. The patients were followed prospectively and had a repeat complete blood count at least 3 months after starting empagliflozin at 10 mg daily. The patients provided written consent for their results to be published. Median age was 78 years (range 76-82 years), 3 of the 4 patients were men, and the median baseline hemoglobin was 11.6 g/dL (IQR 9.3-12.8). Over a median duration of 4 months of taking empagliflozin, the median repeat hemoglobin was 12.8 g/dL (IQR 10.3-13.7). CONCLUSIONS: In our case series of 4 patients with MDS started on empagliflozin, we observed an increase in hemoglobin for all 4 patients. Larger studies are needed to assess whether the increase in hemoglobin is sufficiently robust and sustained to reduce a person's need for future red blood cell transfusion or other treatments for MDS.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".