The Influence of Gestational Vitamin Supplementation on Sow and Piglet Performance and Passage of Maternal Immunoglobulin G
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In swine production, neonatal porcine diarrhea (NPD) can result in high morbidity and mortality, and negatively impact growth performance. Maternal vaccination to enhance specific passive immunity is commonplace. Another area of concern is dietary formulation; in North America, it is common for producers to increase vitamin supplementation beyond the recommendations of the National Research Council’s Nutrient Requirements of Swine to avoid deficiency. Increasing vitamin supplementation has been demonstrated to improve some aspects of reproductive performance, litter characteristics, and passive immunity. This study aimed to understand how gestational vitamin supplementation influences sow performance, piglet performance, and the passage of maternal antibodies. Over two gestations, gilts and sows were fed either a high vitamin (HiVit) diet formulated beyond industry average or a control (CTR) diet formulated to NRC (2012) recommendations. Dams were vaccinated with a commercial vaccine according to manufacturer’s direction (ProSystem RCE, Merck Animal Health, Kirkland, QC). Blood was collected on the day of insemination (D0), prior to vaccination (D80 for gilts in the first cycle, D100 for multiparous sows), and on D110. Colostrum was collected on the day of farrowing, and blood was collected from two piglets from each litter on D2 and D21 post-partum. Sow feed intake, backfat thickness, and weight were tracked, and litter characteristics were recorded. Total IgG concentration and vaccine-specific IgG titres were determined with commercial and homemade ELISA, respectively. HiVit gilts weaned more piglets than CTR gilts (P=0.014), though they also had larger litters as a result of cross-fostering (P=0.047). In the second cycle, average litter weight before cross-fostering was increased for HiVit gilts with a treatment x cycle interaction (P=0.037). In the first cycle, HiVit sows weaned more piglets than their CTR counterparts (P=0.039), with no difference in litter size after cross-fostering . There was a treatment and cycle interaction detected as CTR sows had a high colostrum total IgG concentrations in the first cycle compared to the second cycle and compared to HiVit sows in both cycles (P=0.032). In the second cycle, HiVit sow colostrum specific-IgG titres tended to be higher than in the first cycle and compared to CTR sow titres in both cycles (P=0.062). Overall, gestational diet did not consistently impact sow reproductive performance, litter characteristics, or aspects of passive immunity. Based on positive treatment effects seen further research into enhancing vitamin supplementation during gestation, especially in precision feeding, should be conducted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".