Evolution of the Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Proteome during Early Development
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide In avian species, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a vital, highly vascularized extraembryonic structure that supports embryonic respiration, calcium transport, and innate immune defense. In this study, we applied LC/MS/MS-based proteomics to CAM tissue harvested at embryonic days (ED) 6, 8, 10, and 12 to characterize its protein profile during the expression of different CAM functionalities during embryonic development and gain insight into possible sex-based distinctions. A total of 2688 proteins were identified, with 2347, 2265, 2351, and 1267 proteins detected at ED 6, 8, 10, and 12, respectively. Notably, 1191 common proteins were identified across all stages, while 124, 47, 86, and 2 proteins were uniquely expressed at ED 6, 8, 10, and 12, respectively. Functional annotation revealed correlations with abundant CAM protein constituents (as per their emPAI); for example: calcium mobilization – v-type proton ATPase subunit E1 (ATP6V1E1) and G1 (ATP6V1G1); intracellular transport–calcium-binding protein 39 (CAB39); vascular system and gaseous exchange – annexin A2 (ANXA2); lymphatics–actin, gamma 1 (ACTG1); blood elements–hemoglobin subunit alpha-1 (HBA1); immune defense–cathelicidin-1 (CATH1), cathelicidin-2 (CATH2); and protection against luminal toxic contents–thioredoxin (TXN). Notably, a sex-specific analysis identified 614, 320, 314, and 212 proteins that were uniquely expressed in female embryos, and 212, 273, 144, and 56 proteins only in male embryos at ED 6, 8, 10, and 12, respectively. The identification of sex-linked proteins during early CAM development may provide insight into their functional roles and highlight the CAM’s potential as a target for the development of in-ovo sex identification technology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".