Alterations in auditory midbrain processing is observed in both female and male mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Auditory hypersensitivity is a common phenotype in Fragile X Syndrome. Electrophysiology studies at the inferior colliculus of male FMR1-knockout (KO) mice previously demonstrated increased neuronal firing, suggesting that the inferior colliculus is involved in auditory hypersensitivity. Here, we further explored whether the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICc) is involved in auditory hypersensitivity in both female and male KO mice. Tone-evoked in-vivo electrophysiology recordings from ICc neurons of anesthetized (ketamine/xylazine) KO mice at both postnatal day 20 (P20) and 30 (P30) demonstrated increased spikes compared to age- and sex-matched wild-type (WT) mice. Within the KO group, increased spikes were observed in females compared with male mice. Both female and male KO mice also displayed decreased minimum threshold and enhanced response duration at both ages. Additionally, female P30 KO mice displayed weaker inverse relationship between response latency and spike number compared to their WT counterparts. Regarding developmental changes, spike number decreased with maturation in both female and male KO mice. Response duration reduced with age in both sexes of both genotypes, while minimum threshold decreased in the male mice. Finally, we observed an age-related strengthening of the inverse relationship between response latency and magnitude only in the WT mice. Our findings indicate that the ICc display auditory processing deficits particularly in the female KO mice and in young animals highlighting the importance of including female subjects in future studies, and studying early development, which could be an ideal stage for interventions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".